汶川“5.12”Ms8.0级特大地震造成了巨大的经济损失和人员伤亡。大量的民居房屋遭到了破坏。针对汶川地震灾区典型民居结构——砖混结构和底框架结构,通过震害描述介绍了其破坏形式,并按构件从基础到屋面依次分析了震害特征及结构破坏机理。最后对民居房屋建筑的建设提出了设计与施工方面的建议。 Wenchuan “5.12 ” Ms8.0 earthquake caused tremendous economic losses and casualties. A large number of residential houses have been destroyed. Aiming at the typical residential structures - brick-concrete structure and base frame structure in Wenchuan earthquake-stricken area, the damage patterns are introduced through the description of earthquake damage, and the earthquake damage characteristics and structural failure mechanism are analyzed in turn from the foundation to the roof. Finally, it puts forward some suggestions on the design and construction of the residential building construction.