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目的分析陶瓷企业粉尘作业工人高千伏X射线胸片和肺功能检查结果异常情况及其影响因素。方法采用整群随机抽样方法,选取佛山市三水区3家陶瓷企业从事粉尘作业的3 076名工人为调查对象。收集其工作场所空气中粉尘危害检测结果和肺功能、高千伏X射线胸片检查结果进行分析。结果陶瓷企业工作场所总粉尘的时间加权平均浓度(CTWA)超标率为18.26%,呼吸性粉尘CTWA超标率为10.43%。调查对象肺功能异常检出率为16.38%(504/3 076),高千伏X射线胸片异常检出率为26.17%(805/3 076)。出现高千伏胸片异常的风险在男性工人高于女性(P<0.01),年龄越大者风险越高(P<0.01),工龄≥5.0年者风险高于工龄<5.0年者(P<0.01);女性工人出现肺功能异常的风险高于男性(P<0.01)。结论陶瓷企业粉尘可导致工人肺部损伤,性别、年龄和工龄是协同影响因素。
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the abnormal situation and the influencing factors of high kilowatt X-ray chest X-ray and pulmonary function test results of ceramic enterprises dust workers. Methods A cluster random sampling method was used to select 3 076 workers engaged in dust operations in 3 ceramic enterprises in Sanshui District of Foshan City as the survey subjects. Dust hazard test results and lung function were collected from the air in their workplaces and analyzed by high-kV X-ray chest radiography. Results The time-weighted average concentration (CTWA) of total dust in the workplace of ceramics enterprises was 18.26%, and the over-standard of CTWA for respiratory dust was 10.43%. The detection rate of lung function abnormalities was 16.38% (504/3 076), the abnormal detection rate of high kV X-ray chest was 26.17% (805/3 076). The risk of abnormal high-kV chest radiographs was higher in male workers than in female workers (P <0.01). The higher the risk was, the higher the risk was (P <0.01) 0.01). Female workers had a higher risk of pulmonary dysfunction than men (P <0.01). Conclusion Ceramsite dust can cause lung damage in workers, and gender, age and length of service are synergistic factors.