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1962—1964年先后对陆地棉8个品种和海岛棉2个品种的棉铃室数及其籽棉性状进行调查研究,初步可获得如下结论: 1.不同室数棉铃的比率是棉花的遗传特性之一。种间和品种间均存在有明显的差异。陆地棉平均棉铃室数在4室以上,海岛棉在3室以上。在陆地棉中,岱字棉系统的岱字棉15号、宁棉16号、洞庭1号和荆棉3号,以及岱福棉和红岱2343,均以四室铃比率较高(53.36～78.42％),五室铃较低(17.40～ 46.29％);而斯字棉系统的徐州209则以五室铃比率较高(66.00％),四室铃较低(33.75％)。海岛棉的长4923和米努非品种的三室铃比率(54.75～67.05％)高于四室铃比率(32.12～43.79％)。 2.根据4个陆地棉品种调查资料的分析,单株不同室数的棉铃比率与棉铃着生部位有一定的关系。就果枝而言,三室铃以下部较多,中上部较少;四室铃亦以下部较多,五室铃则以中部较多。就果节而言,近主茎的果节均以四室铃和五室铃的比率较高,尤以五室铃表现更较显著。这一分布情况表明棉株发育过程中养料供应情况对棉铃室数的形成有肯定的影响。 3.不同室数棉铃的比率因地区和栽培条件的不同而有一定的变动幅度。一般在优良的栽培条件下五室铃的比数增高。试验证明,岱字棉15号在单株营养面积较大,施用基肥并结合深耕有提高五室铃比率的表现。随着播种时期的延迟,五室铃的比率似有一定的递增趁势。 4.棉铃室数增多相应地增加单铃胚珠数和棉籽数,故单铃籽棉重显著增加。据陆地棉4个品种的测定结果,五室铃的平均单铃胚珠数、棉籽数和籽棉重分别比四室铃增加20.54％、11.84％和14.85％。而三室铃比四室铃分别减少22.35％、23.44％和23.43％。不同室数的棉铃在籽指、衣指和衣分等性状上均无显著的差异,惟五室铃单铃的不孕籽数显著地较多。 5.按棉铃室数混选留种的后代,经二年试验的证明,亲本棉铃室数对其后代群体的不同室数棉铃的比率具有一定的影响。因而群体的后代室数表现有一定的趁向。例如,三室、四室和五室棉铃的后代平均室数分别为4.32、4.36和4.43。这说明定向选择,有提高后代棉铃室数的可能。 1964年试验指出,混合选留五室铃棉籽在籽棉产量上比一般混选棉籽的对照增产3.6％,但差异不显著。实践上所以强调五室铃作种,实因其铃大花胖,种子品质较好,故这一措施仍有其一定的生产意义。
From 1962 to 1964, the cotton boll number and its seed cotton traits of eight varieties of G. hirsutum and G. barbadense were studied. The conclusions were as follows: 1. The boll percentage of different numbers was one of the genetic characteristics of cotton . There are obvious differences between species and varieties. The average cotton boll number of upland cotton is more than 4 rooms, island cotton is more than 3 rooms. Among upland cotton, the Dai Zi Cotton 15, Ningmian 16, Dongting 1 and Jingmian 3, and Dai-fu cotton and Hong-Dai 2343 in Dai-Dai cotton system all had higher ratio of four-room bell (53.36 ~ 78.42%), while the low room bell (17.40 ~ 46.29%) in the Qiang cotton system and the high rate of five room bell (66.00%) and the low room bell (33.75%). The length of three room bell (4975 ~ 67.05%) was longer than that of four room bell (49%) and length of room bell (49%). According to the survey data of 4 cultivars of upland cotton, the cotton boll ratio in different number of single plants has a certain relationship with the bollworm’s position. As for fruiting branches, the lower part of the three-room bell is more, while the upper part is less; the lower part of the four-room bell is more, and the middle part of the five-room bell is more. As for the fruit section, the ratio of four-compartment bell to five-compartment bell is higher in the fruit nodes near the main stem, especially in the five-room bell. This distribution indicates that the supply of nutrients during the development of cotton plants has a positive effect on the formation of bolls. 3. The number of different chamber bolls because of the different regions and cultivation conditions have a certain degree of change. Generally in the fine cultivation conditions increased the ratio of five bell. Experiments show that the Dai word cotton 15 in the larger nutrient area per plant, the application of basal fertilizer combined with deep plowing has improved the performance of the five room bell ratio. With the delay of sowing time, the ratio of five bell seems to be increasing. 4. The number of bolls increased correspondingly increased the number of bollworm ovules and cottonseed, so bollworm seed cotton weight increased significantly. According to the determination results of four cultivars of G. napus, the average numbers of single bell ovule, cotton seed and cotton seed of five-bell rattan increased 20.54%, 11.84% and 14.85% respectively than those of four-chamber bell. The three room bell four chamber bell reduce respectively 22.35%, 23.44% and 23.43%. The number of cotton bolls in different number of rooms did not show any significant difference in the seed index, the index finger and the coat index. However, the number of infertile seeds was significantly higher in the five room bell single bell. 5. According to the number of cotton bolls mixed selection of offspring, after two years of testing proves that the number of the parent boll chamber of its offspring groups of different numbers of bolls have an impact. Therefore, the number of descendants of the group showed a certain tendency. For example, the average number of descendants of three-compartment, four-compartment and five-compartment bolls is 4.32, 4.36 and 4.43, respectively. This shows that the choice of orientation, there is the possibility of improving the number of offspring boll room. 1964 test pointed out that the mixed selection of five-room bell cottonseed cotton seed yield increased 3.6% than the general mixed cottonseed control, but the difference was not significant. In practice, therefore, I emphasize that the five chamber bell for seed, because of its big bell flower, seed quality is better, so this measure still has its production significance.