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利用返回式卫星搭载5个水稻品种的干种子进行空间诱变处理, 以及用离子束、质子和同步辐射(软X射线)处理水稻干种子,并与γ射线作比较,研究其细胞学效应。结果表明,供试的几种诱变因素均可诱发各类染色体结构变异,其细胞染色体畸变率明显高于对照。空间环境促进根尖细胞有丝分裂活动,其它诱变因素均不同程度抑制根尖细胞有丝分裂活动。同步辐射等诱发的微核细胞率明显高于γ射线,而染色体桥的比例低于γ射线。5个供试品种的辐射敏感性随诱变因素和考察指标而变化。
Five kinds of dry seeds of rice varieties were used for space mutagenesis using the return satellite, and the dry seeds of rice were treated with ion beam, proton and synchrotron radiation (soft X-ray) and compared with γ-rays to study their cytological effects. The results showed that several mutagenic factors can induce various types of chromosome structure variation, the chromosome aberration rate was significantly higher than the control. Spatial environment can promote mitotic activity of root tip cells, while other mutagenic factors inhibit mitochondrial mitochondrial mitochondrial activity in root apical cells to varying degrees. Synchronous radiation and other induced micronuclei rate was significantly higher than the γ-ray, while the proportion of chromosome bridges than γ-ray. The radiosensitivity of the five cultivars varied with the mutagenic factors and the indexes investigated.