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营业权是指民事主体基于平等的营业机会和独立的主体资格,可自主地选择特定商事领域进行经营、从事以营利为目的的营业活动而不受国家法律不合理限制和其他主体干预的权利,其基本内涵包括营业机会的平等享有、营业资格的自由取得、营业领域的自愿选择、营业事项的自主设定、营业方式的自我决定、经营管理的独立决策以及营业侵权请求的及时主张等几个方面,其中,营业自由在营业权权能体系中居于核心地位。营业权是一种具典型私权性质的民事权利,是民事主体之财产自由权在营业领域的展开和扩张,是一种与就业权具等值意义的个体经济发展权。营业权的逻辑依据源于人性的内在需求、市场经济的必然要求、民主宪政的制度支撑和特定商业文化的外在表现。作为一种权利形式,营业权具有应然性、原始性、基础性、潜在性、集合性等多方面的特征。营业权作为一种独立的权利,其对丰富人权理论、充实宪法中公民权利的分类、界定行政权力的边界和政府经济行为的范围、确立民商法立法的价值,均具有重要的理论和实践意义。
Right of business refers to the civil subject based on equal business opportunities and independent subject qualifications, can choose the specific business areas to operate independently, to engage in profit-making business activities without the unreasonable restrictions of national laws and other subjects the right to interfere, Its basic connotation includes the equal enjoyment of business opportunities, the free acquisition of business qualifications, the voluntary choice of business fields, the independent setting of business items, the self-determination of business methods, the independent decision-making of business management and the timely claim of business infringement claims, etc. Among them, the freedom of business occupies the core position in the operating power system. Business right is a kind of civil rights with typical private rights. It is the expansion and expansion of the property right of civil subject in the field of business. It is an individual right of economic development with the equal value of employment right. The logical basis of the right of business stems from the intrinsic demand of human nature, the inevitable requirement of market economy, the institutional support of democratic constitutional government and the external manifestation of particular business culture. As a form of right, the right to business has many characteristics such as nature, originality, foundation, potential and assembly. The right of business as an independent right has an important theoretical and practical significance for enriching human rights theory, enriching the classification of citizens' rights in the Constitution, defining the boundary of administrative power and the scope of government economic activities, and establishing the value of civil and commercial law legislation .