一、绪言核医学是医学的一个专业,它应用放射性核素在体内外作诊断、治疗和科学研究。其生产或科研单位在政府主管部门制定的严格的放射性防护条例管理下进行工作。其专业人员需要得到批准才能从事服务或作研究工作。各国放射性核素的生产、运输、贮存、使用及废物处理均按照标准国际法参照每个国家加以修订的专门法令执行。由于核医学是一门相当新的医学专业,它的范围尚待明确。欧洲核医学的教育和机构有很大的不同,虽然多数国家有核医学专业,但尚未达到全面独立的 I. INTRODUCTION Nuclear medicine is a specialty of medicine. It uses radionuclides for diagnosis, treatment and scientific research both in vitro and in vivo. Their production or research institutes under the government departments in charge of strict radioactive regulations under the management. Professionals need to be approved for service or research. The production, transport, storage, use and disposal of the radionuclides in all countries are implemented in accordance with the standard international law with reference to the special ordinances amending each country. As nuclear medicine is a fairly new medical profession, its scope remains to be determined. The education and institutions of nuclear medicine in Europe are quite different. Although most countries have nuclear medicine, they have not yet reached full independence