早熟、丰产、抗逆是作物育种的共同目标。近年来,我们在研究早中稻(秈)杂种早熟性遗传规律的同时,对选育早熟高产新品种的方法作了一些探讨。下面浅谈自己的初步体会。一、亲本选配亲本选择是否适当,是育种计划能否实现的关键。因此,育种工作者首先遇到的问题是如何研究亲本和选用亲本。亲本品种的亲缘关系,其光温反映特性、抗病抗虫性、配合力及主要经济性状特性的相对遗传力等等,都是研究亲本的主要内容。用纵横测交法研究亲本和选用亲本,这是我们采取的一种基本方法。1972年,我们用IR_8与20多个早秈品种配组,1974年用 Early maturity, high yield, resistance to crop breeding is the common goal. In recent years, we explored the genetic law of early maturity of early-middle rice (Indica) hybrids and discussed the methods of breeding new early-maturing and high-yielding varieties. The following talk about their own initial experience. First, the parental selection of parents is appropriate, is the key to the breeding plan can be achieved. Therefore, the first problem encountered by breeding workers is how to study the parents and choose the parents. The genetic relationship of the parental varieties, their light and temperature reflectance characteristics, disease and insect resistance, combining ability and the relative heritability of the main economic traits and so on, are the main contents of the study of the parents. Using cross-test method to study parents and select their parents, this is a basic method we adopted. In 1972, we used IR_8 with more than 20 early indica varieties and used it in 1974