糖尿病是由于胰岛素绝对或相对不足引起的以高血糖和多并发症为特征的内分泌代谢性疾病,其本质是胰岛素分泌细胞受损或者胰岛素工作效率低下。通过再生医学手段将体外再生的胰岛素分泌细胞植入患者体内,重建有功能的胰岛素分泌系统不失为治疗Ⅰ型和部分Ⅱ型糖尿病的一种新途径。再生医学的研究和应用中,最有价值的细胞是干细胞。文中就干细胞诱导分化以及成体细胞重编程再生为胰岛素分泌细胞方面最新进展作一综述。 Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine and metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia and multiple complications due to absolute or relative lack of insulin, the essence of which is impaired insulin-secreting cells or inefficient insulin work. In vitro regenerative insulin-secreting cells are implanted into patients through regenerative medicine, and reconstruction of a functional insulin secretion system is a new way to treat type I and type II diabetes. In regenerative medicine research and application, the most valuable cells are stem cells. In this paper, the recent advances in the stem cell differentiation and reprogramming of adult cells into insulin secreting cells are reviewed.