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高三学生共学了2000多个英语单词及一定数量的词组和习惯用语。词汇复习就是让学生把所学过的词汇系统地归纳整理,牢固地掌握运用。把所学过的词汇按读音、构词、习惯用法、语法特点以及同义词、反义词、近义词一起串联起来,从不同的角度归纳整理,建立一个相互联系的“知识场”。本人的具体做法如下:
一、按基本构词法归纳
第一,加前缀dis-, in-, ir-, mis-, un-, im-表示否定意义。如:un-unable, unimportant, unfortunate, undress, unfit, unhappy, unknown, unfair, uninformed等;in-inability, incorrect, injustice, incomplete, invisible等。
第二,加后缀-ese, -or, -er, -ian, -ist, -eer等表示人和物。如:thinker, writer, speaker, actor, inventor, sailor, Chinese, Japanese, Portuguese等。
第三,加后缀-ful, -less, -able, -ive, -ion, -ish, -ous, -ic, -al, -y, -ant, -ary等构成形容词。如:careful, useful, helpful, beauiful, grateful, faithful, cheerful, funny, snowy, rainy, windy, cloudy, dirty, starry等。
第四,按拼法归类。如:play, pay, lay, delay, gray, hay, gay, away, way, say等。
第五,在音、形、义上容易混淆的词归类。如:whether-weather, leek-leak, plain-plane, flower-flour, adapt-adopt, mantel-mantle, temper-temple, contest-context, pleasant-present, float-flow等。
二、按动词的搭配和惯用法归类
将动词与副词、名词及介词等的搭配归纳起来,特别是一些每年高考出现频率较高的词,要重点归纳。
如:take构成的短语有:take back, take down, take for, take in, take out, take on, take up, take off, take a day off, take a photo, takemedicine, take sb’s advice, take it easy, take a bus, take one’ stemperature, take lying down, take first place, take hold of, take sb.by hand等。
三、按词的语法特点归类
1.带双宾语的动词
如:give, show, pass, send, bring, tell, teach, pay, promise, ask, buy等。
2.带宾语+宾语补足语的动词
如:call, order, persuade, advise, force, help, find, tell, oblige, forbid, elect, choose, warn等。
3.带宾语+宾语补足语,不定式不带to的动词。
如:make, let, see, look at, watch, observe, listen, to, hear, feel, notice, have等。
4.后接动词不定式作宾语的动词
如:want, wish, decide, help, ask, determine, expect, hope, agree, promise, refuse, manage, fail, happen, pretend等。
5.后接动名词作宾语的动词
如:finish, mind, miss, enjoy, escape, avoid, risk, delay, practise, suggest, advise等。
6.后接动名词或不定式作宾语有区别的动词
如:like, stop, remember, forget, hate, regret, try, mean等。
7.用进行时表示将来时的动词
如:go, come, start, leave, arrive, fly, drive, move等表示移动的动词。
8.接从句须否定转移的动词
如:believe, think, suppose, expect, imagine, guess等。
9.接从句须用(should)+动词原形的动词
如:suggest, insist, demand, order, propose, command, request, desire, require等。
10.用过去完成时表示本想做而又未曾实现的希望、打算、意图的动词
如:want, plan, hope, think, expect, intend, mean等。
11.从实义动词借来的连系动词
如:seem, look, become, get, grow, feel, turn等。
一、按基本构词法归纳
第一,加前缀dis-, in-, ir-, mis-, un-, im-表示否定意义。如:un-unable, unimportant, unfortunate, undress, unfit, unhappy, unknown, unfair, uninformed等;in-inability, incorrect, injustice, incomplete, invisible等。
第二,加后缀-ese, -or, -er, -ian, -ist, -eer等表示人和物。如:thinker, writer, speaker, actor, inventor, sailor, Chinese, Japanese, Portuguese等。
第三,加后缀-ful, -less, -able, -ive, -ion, -ish, -ous, -ic, -al, -y, -ant, -ary等构成形容词。如:careful, useful, helpful, beauiful, grateful, faithful, cheerful, funny, snowy, rainy, windy, cloudy, dirty, starry等。
第四,按拼法归类。如:play, pay, lay, delay, gray, hay, gay, away, way, say等。
第五,在音、形、义上容易混淆的词归类。如:whether-weather, leek-leak, plain-plane, flower-flour, adapt-adopt, mantel-mantle, temper-temple, contest-context, pleasant-present, float-flow等。
二、按动词的搭配和惯用法归类
将动词与副词、名词及介词等的搭配归纳起来,特别是一些每年高考出现频率较高的词,要重点归纳。
如:take构成的短语有:take back, take down, take for, take in, take out, take on, take up, take off, take a day off, take a photo, takemedicine, take sb’s advice, take it easy, take a bus, take one’ stemperature, take lying down, take first place, take hold of, take sb.by hand等。
三、按词的语法特点归类
1.带双宾语的动词
如:give, show, pass, send, bring, tell, teach, pay, promise, ask, buy等。
2.带宾语+宾语补足语的动词
如:call, order, persuade, advise, force, help, find, tell, oblige, forbid, elect, choose, warn等。
3.带宾语+宾语补足语,不定式不带to的动词。
如:make, let, see, look at, watch, observe, listen, to, hear, feel, notice, have等。
4.后接动词不定式作宾语的动词
如:want, wish, decide, help, ask, determine, expect, hope, agree, promise, refuse, manage, fail, happen, pretend等。
5.后接动名词作宾语的动词
如:finish, mind, miss, enjoy, escape, avoid, risk, delay, practise, suggest, advise等。
6.后接动名词或不定式作宾语有区别的动词
如:like, stop, remember, forget, hate, regret, try, mean等。
7.用进行时表示将来时的动词
如:go, come, start, leave, arrive, fly, drive, move等表示移动的动词。
8.接从句须否定转移的动词
如:believe, think, suppose, expect, imagine, guess等。
9.接从句须用(should)+动词原形的动词
如:suggest, insist, demand, order, propose, command, request, desire, require等。
10.用过去完成时表示本想做而又未曾实现的希望、打算、意图的动词
如:want, plan, hope, think, expect, intend, mean等。
11.从实义动词借来的连系动词
如:seem, look, become, get, grow, feel, turn等。