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自1961年4月12日苏联航天员加加林乘“东方1号”飞船首次进入太空以来,科学家们就开始采用各种手段和方法监测人体在失重环境中的生理变化,随着对失重生理效应认识的逐步深入以及载人飞行时间的延长,各种防护理念、防护措施以及防护效果的评估也逐步推进。本文系统地回顾了载人航天以来美国各次飞行任务的在轨失重生理学研究以及防护措施的评价,旨在为我国载人空间站的建设提供借鉴。
Since the first spacecraft was launched on April 12, 1961 by the Soviet atrocity officer Gagarin on the “Oriental 1” spacecraft, scientists began to use various means and methods to monitor human physiological changes in a weightless environment. With the Gradual deepening understanding of the physiological effects of weightlessness and the extension of manned flight time, various protective concepts, protective measures and the evaluation of protective effects are gradually advancing. This paper systematically reviews the in-orbit weightlessness physiology studies and the evaluation of protective measures of various missions in the United States since the manned space flight, aiming to provide reference for the construction of manned space station in China.