综述甲醇介导的昆虫与植物的互作关系。害虫为害使寄主植物释放大量甲醇。这是由于害虫唾液的碱性性质提高了果胶甲基酯酶的活性,上调了果胶甲基酯酶基因的转录,水解果胶而即时释放出大量甲醇。果胶甲基酯酶则可能通过改变细胞壁结构特性而间接激发茉莉酸和水杨酸信号途径,从而启动植物防卫物质如胰蛋白酶抑制剂的合成。此外,甲醇还可能作为信号物质,影响害虫定向。外施甲醇于健康植物则可能通过负反馈机制抑制植物防卫反应,从而影响植食者。 Methanol-mediated interaction between insects and plants is reviewed. Pest infestation releases large amounts of methanol to the host plant. This is due to the alkaline nature of the pests’ saliva that enhances the activity of pectin methyl esterase, upregulates the transcription of the pectin methyl esterase gene, hydrolyzes the pectin and promptly releases large quantities of methanol. Pectin methyl esterase may indirectly activate the jasmonic acid and salicylic acid signaling pathways by altering the structural characteristics of cell walls, thereby initiating the synthesis of plant defense substances such as trypsin inhibitors. In addition, methanol may also serve as a signal substance, affecting pest orientation. Exogenous application of methanol to healthy plants may inhibit plant defense responses through negative feedback mechanisms, affecting plant-users.