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一、创建集体所有制经济是马克思倡导的,由列宁肯定的马克思开始着重研究资本主义条件下工人自己组织的合作工厂。合作工厂的生产资料不是工人个人的财产,而是合作工厂集体所有的财产。在合作工厂里,工人用集体的生产资料为自己劳动,使自己劳动得到增值,产品归工人集体所有。马克思在《资本论》第3卷中,对工人的合作工厂作了全面的理论分析。他认为,合作工厂是工人的联合体,是“他们自己的资本家”,是“他们利用生产资料来使他们自己的劳动增值”,
First, the creation of a collective-owned economy was initiated by Marx. Lenin’s assertive Marxism began to focus on cooperative factories organized by workers under capitalist conditions. The means of production of the cooperative factory are not the personal property of the worker, but the property collectively owned by the cooperative factory. In cooperative factories, workers use their collective means of production to work for themselves, add value to their labor, and their products are collectively owned by the workers. In Capital 3, Marx made a comprehensive theoretical analysis of the factory of workers’ cooperation. In his view, a cooperative factory is a coalition of workers, “their own capitalist,” who “use their means of production to add value to their own labor.”