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目的了解职业禁忌证者的职业禁忌岗位就业状况。方法对2010年1月至2014年12月在乌鲁木齐市疾病预防控制中心进行岗前职业健康检查检出的职业禁忌证者开展职业卫生知识、态度、需求问卷调查,调查内容包括职业病相关知识(9题)、态度(7题)和健康需求(13题),并对调查结果进行描述性分析。结果调查期间共有188人检出职业禁忌证,收集到完整信息者146人。男女性别比为11∶1,以20~29岁人群为主,占55.48%(81/146)。民族分布中汉族占78.08%(114/146),大专及以上学历者占55.48%(81/146)。职业禁忌中不宜从事噪声作业者占81.51%(119/146),不宜从事粉尘作业者占17.12%(25/146),不宜从事化学类作业者占8.22%(12/146)。检出职业禁忌证后依然在禁忌岗位工作者占31.51%(46/146)。调查对象中非职业禁忌岗位工作者对职业病的概念、作业场所有害物质进入机体的途径和劳动者应享有的职业健康保护权利的认知率高于职业禁忌岗位工作者(P<0.05或P<0.01);非职业禁忌岗位工作者在是否会主动了解职业病防治相关知识等6项问题的正确回答率均高于职业禁忌岗位工作者(均P<0.01);职业禁忌岗位工作者在签订劳动合同、享有工伤、医疗等社会保险、如何维权、广播专题讲座职业病知识和互联网提供职业病知识的需求率高于非职业禁忌岗位工作者(P<0.05或P<0.01)。而在个人防护用品及正确使用方法指导、提供定期职业健康检查和设置宣传栏/宣传册宣传职业病知识的需求率上,非职业禁忌岗位工作者高于职业禁忌岗位工作者,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论仍有部分职业禁忌证者离开应聘企业后在其他企业继续从事职业禁忌工作。职业禁忌证者对职业健康意识、自我保护意识和行使职业卫生保护权利的能力均相对较低。
Objective To understand the occupational taboos of job-seekers employment status. Methods A questionnaire survey on occupational health knowledge, attitude and needs was carried out on occupational health-related contraindications in Urumqi Center for Disease Control and Prevention from January 2010 to December 2014. Survey includes occupational disease-related knowledge (9 Questions), attitude (7 questions) and health needs (13 questions), and descriptive analysis of the survey results. Results A total of 188 contraceptives were detected during the survey and 146 were collected for complete information. The male-to-female sex ratio was 11: 1, with a 20- to 29-year-old population, accounting for 55.48% (81/146). Han nationality accounted for 78.08% (114/146), 55.48% (81/146) of college degree or above. 81.51% (119/146) should not engage in noisy jobs, 17.12% (25/146) should not engage in dust jobs, and 8.22% (12/146) should not engage in chemical jobs. Occupational taboos were still taboo post workers accounted for 31.51% (46/146). The surveyed workers in non-professional taboo positions on occupational diseases, workplace exposure to harmful substances into the body and workers should enjoy the right to occupational health and occupational awareness awareness rate is higher than the occupational taboo job workers (P <0.05 or P < 0.01). The correct answer rate of six questions about non-professional taboo job-seekers is higher than that of job taboo post-job workers (all P <0.01) .When job-contracted job-seekers sign a labor contract (P <0.05 or P <0.01). The demand rate of providing occupational disease knowledge is higher than that of non-job taboo job workers (P <0.05 or P <0.01). In terms of personal protective equipment and proper use of guidance, provide regular occupational health checks and set up bulletin boards / brochures to promote the knowledge of occupational diseases demand rate, non-professional taboo post workers higher than job taboo job workers, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05 or P <0.01). Conclusion Some of the occupational taboos continue to engage in job taboos in other enterprises after leaving the job applicants. Occupational health awareness, self-protection awareness and the ability to exercise occupational health protection rights are relatively low for occupational contraindications.