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获得性免疫缺陷综合征(AIDS)是近年来引起世界各国高度重视的传染性疾病。自1978年首次发现该病后至目前,据估计全世界的AIDS病人已约10万。我国于1985年6月在北京协和医院首次发现1名外国旅游患者。该病以其细胞和体液免疫的广泛性损害为特点,伴有致命的机会致病菌感染及恶性肿瘤。最初在男性同性恋者中发现AIDS,后来在静脉滥用毒品者中、海地移民、血友病和接受输血者中都发现了AIDS患者。一般认为,肾脏不是AIDS的主要受累器官。在多数情况下,肾脏只是受到与AIDS有关的并发症的暂时性损害。但在少数病人中,肾脏可能受到严重侵害。AIDS能引起一系列的肾脏和电解质的变化,有些会发展到终末期肾脏病(ESRD),需要长期透析治疗。
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is an infectious disease that has drawn great attention in all countries in the world in recent years. Since the first discovery of the disease in 1978, up to now, it has been estimated that there are about 100,000 AIDS patients in the world. In June 1985, Peking Union Medical College Hospital in Beijing first discovered a foreign tourist. The disease is characterized by extensive damage to its cellular and humoral immunity, with fatal opportunistic infections and malignancies. AIDS was first found in homosexual men, later AIDS victims were found among intravenous drug abusers, Haitian immigrants, hemophilia and blood transfusion recipients. It is generally believed that the kidneys are not the major affected organs of AIDS. In most cases, the kidneys are only temporarily affected by AIDS-related complications. However, in a small number of patients, the kidneys may be severely infringed. AIDS causes a series of kidney and electrolyte changes, some of which progress to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) requiring long-term dialysis.