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一、前言传统的能量平衡以热力学第一定律为基础,只是从数量上表明能量的置配状态,而没有提供能量质方面的信息,因此并不能完善地反映能量利用状况。技术上可以用来作功的这部份能量——不仅与能量的数量相关,而且决定于能量的品位或能级高低。(火用)分析即是从热力学第二定律的贬质观点对能量的利用予以评价。除了考察各项外部(火用)损失之外,还能揭示系统内部造成的不可逆(火用)损失,从而更有效地指明能量利用的方向。窑车式隧道窑在国内是一种常见的工业窑炉,能耗很大,热效率一般为10%左右。日本同类窑炉热效率约为15%。因此,需要努力减小热量损失,合理地有效地回收窑炉余热,提高热利用率。本文以某厂电瓷焙烧隧道窑为例,根据实测数据,作了隧道窑热平衡和(火用)平衡分析,在此基础上指出了有关节能途径。
I. Introduction The traditional energy balance, based on the first law of thermodynamics, only shows the allocation of energy in terms of quantity without providing energy quality information and thus does not fully reflect the energy utilization. This part of the energy that can be used technically for work - depends not only on the amount of energy but also on the grade or energy level of the energy. (Exergy) analysis is to evaluate the use of energy from the perspective of demotion of the second law of thermodynamics. In addition to examining various exergy losses, it also reveals the irreversible (exergy) losses that occur within the system and thereby more effectively indicate the direction of energy use. Kiln car tunnel kilns in the country is a common industrial furnace, energy consumption, thermal efficiency is generally about 10%. The thermal efficiency of similar kiln in Japan is about 15%. Therefore, efforts must be made to reduce the heat loss, recover the waste heat of the furnace reasonably and effectively and increase the heat utilization rate. In this paper, an electric ceramic roasting tunnel kiln is taken as an example. According to the measured data, the heat balance and exergy balance analysis of tunnel kiln are made. Based on this, the energy saving ways are pointed out.