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直肠癌是消化道常见的恶性肿瘤,目前其治疗手段仍以手术为主,同时辅以放、化疗等综合治疗,其它治疗方法尚在研究中。经过多年的探索与发展,手术操作技术已得到极大的完善与进步,同时,直肠癌的非手术治疗也得到很大的进展。本文对直肠癌的非手术治疗进展作如下综述。1直肠癌的化疗1.1直肠癌化疗新进展目前用于治疗直肠癌的化学药物不少于30种,但有效的并不多,5-氟尿嘧啶(5-Fu)自1957年合成以来,近50年来作为胃肠癌化学治疗的基本药物沿用至今,在直肠癌化疗中发挥着巨大的作用。5-Fu单一用药对大肠癌的有效率最高达33%,其与常用抗癌药物无交叉耐药现象,并可通过改变其给药方式、给药途径、分子结构以及生物修饰剂——醛氢叶酸(lucoverin,LV)等可大大提高有效率。近几年来直肠癌化疗的新药开发、新方案设计成为研究重点,其中开扑拓(Camptotheecin,CPT11)、希罗达(Capecitabine,Xeloda)、奥沙利铂(Oxaliplatin,LO-HP)及Raltitraxed引起广泛关注。
Rectal cancer is a common malignant tumor of the digestive tract. At present, its treatment is still mainly based on surgery. At the same time, it is supplemented by radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and other treatments are still under study. After years of exploration and development, surgical techniques have been greatly improved and improved, while non-surgical treatment of rectal cancer has also made great progress. This article reviews the progress of non-surgical treatment of rectal cancer as follows. Chemotherapy of rectal cancer 1.1 New advances in chemotherapy for rectal cancer At present, not less than 30 kinds of chemical drugs are used for the treatment of rectal cancer, but they are not effective enough. Since the synthesis of 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) in 1957, As the basic medicine for the treatment of gastrointestinal cancer, it has played a great role in the chemotherapy of rectal cancer. The single-agent 5-Fu treatment of colorectal cancer efficiency up to 33%, which has no cross-resistance with commonly used anticancer drugs, and can be changed by its mode of administration, route of administration, molecular structure and biological modifiers - aldehyde Lucoverin (lucoverin, LV) can greatly improve the efficiency. In recent years, the development of new drugs for rectal cancer chemotherapy has become the focus of research. Camptothecin (CPT11), Xeloda, Oxaliplatin (LO-HP) and Raltitraxed extensive attention.