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2n配子在植物进化过程中起了重要作用,目前,自发、诱发2n配子已在马铃薯、苜蓿、红三叶草、越桔等作物的育种实践中应用,并分别获得了良好的效果。本文综述了关于植物2n配子的主要研究方向和近期取得的研究结果;植物自发、诱发2n配子在有性多倍化、利用种质资源、传递杂种优势、克服胚乳平衡数障碍、克服自交不亲合、马铃薯实生育种及其他领域应用的优越性和已取得的成果;国际国内通过轮回选择、2n花粉机械分离、诱导基因突变及直接诱导2n配子等方法提高2n配子利用效率的研究进展;2n配子育种的应用前景。
2n gametes play an important role in plant evolution. At present, spontaneous and induced 2n gametes have been applied in the breeding of crops such as potato, alfalfa, red clover and bilberry, and have achieved good results respectively. In this paper, the main research directions and recent research results on plant 2n gametes are reviewed. The plant spontaneously induces 2n gametes in sexual polyploidization, utilizing germplasm resources and transferring heterosis, overcoming obstacles in endosperm balance and overcoming self- Progeny, potato and other areas of practical application of the advantages and achievements have been made; international and domestic recycling through the selection, 2n pollen mechanical separation, induction of gene mutations and direct induction of 2n gametes and other methods to improve 2n gamete utilization efficiency of research; Application Prospect of 2n Gamete Breeding.