实际上,几乎所有的机器中都装有轴。轴最常见的形状是圆形,其截面可以是实心的,也可以是空心的(空心轴可以减轻重量)。有时也采用矩形轴,例如,螺丝起子的头、套筒扳手和控制旋钮的杆。为了在传递扭矩时不发生过载,轴应该具有适当的抗扭强度。轴应该还具有足够的抗扭刚度,以使同一个轴上的两个传动零件之间的相对转角不会过大。一般说来,在轴的长度等于其直径的20倍时,扭转角 In fact, almost all machines are equipped with axles. The most common shape of the shaft is circular, the cross section of which can be solid or hollow (the hollow shaft can reduce the weight). Sometimes rectangular shafts, such as screwdriver heads, socket wrenches and control knobs, are also used. In order not to overload the torque transmission, the shaft should have a suitable torsional strength. Shafts should also have sufficient torsional stiffness so that the relative rotation between the two drive parts on the same shaft will not be excessive. In general, when the shaft length is equal to 20 times its diameter, the twist angle