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为阐明滴灌条件下秸秆覆盖和土壤含水量以及两因素交互作用对冬小麦籽粒灌浆、产量形成的影响,以冬小麦矮抗58为试验材料,设计了秸秆处理(覆盖T、不覆盖T0)与土壤相对含水量(40%(W1)、50%(W2)、60%(W3)、70%(W4)4个水平)两因素裂区试验。结果表明:Richards方程拟合秸秆覆盖和水分调控下冬小麦籽粒灌浆过程的决定系数在0.977 5~0.999 6,达到极显著水平。秸秆覆盖和水分调控间的交互作用对除最大灌浆速率和平均灌浆速率(V)外其他冬小麦籽粒灌浆特征参数的影响达到显著或极显著水平。其中,秸秆覆盖下土壤相对含水量60%(TW3)处理组合具有最长的灌浆持续期T(51.91 d),最长的灌浆中期持续期T_2(15.230 d)和灌浆后期持续期T_3(26.556 d),最大的灌浆中期灌浆速率R_2(0.897 mg/d)和灌浆后期灌浆速率R_3(1.365 mg/d)。产量、水分利用效率和耗水量的二次曲线关系表明,在耗水量240~270 mm可达到产量与水分利用效率双高的效果。本试验中以秸秆覆盖与土壤相对含水量60%(TW3)处理组合水分利用效率最高(29.02 kg/(mm·hm~2)),较秸秆覆盖下土壤相对含水量的70%(TW4)提高了5.30%;产量为7 097.7 kg/hm~2,与TW4处理组合差异不显著。
In order to elucidate the effects of straw mulching and soil water content under drip irrigation and the interaction of two factors on grain filling and yield formation of winter wheat, the effects of straw treatment (covering T without covering T0) with soil Water content (40% (W1), 50% (W2), 60% (W3), 70% (W4) 4 levels) two factor cracking test. The results showed that the determination coefficient of winter wheat grain filling during the process of straw mulching and water regulation fitting with Richards equation was between 0.977 5 and 0.999 6, reaching the extremely significant level. The interaction between straw mulching and water regulation significantly or significantly affected the grain filling parameters of other winter wheat except the maximum filling rate and average filling rate (V). Among them, the treatment with TW3 with straw mulching had the longest duration of grain filling T (51.91 d), the longest duration of medium filling T 2 (15.230 d), and the duration of filling later T_3 (26.556 d ), The maximum medium filling rate R 2 (0.897 mg / d) and the later filling rate R 3 (1.365 mg / d). The quadratic curves of yield, water use efficiency and water consumption show that the effect of double high yield and water use efficiency can be achieved at water consumption of 240-270 mm. In this experiment, the highest water use efficiency (29.02 kg / (mm · hm ~ 2)) was obtained when the relative water content of straw mulch and soil was 60% (TW3), which was higher than 70% (TW4) of soil relative water content under straw mulching 5.30% respectively; the yield was 7 097.7 kg / hm ~ 2, which was not significantly different from TW4 treatment.