最近报导在儿童治疗急性淋巴母细胞性白血病时可发生麻疹脑炎。此病的症状,病程和组织病理学表现不同于急性感染后脑脊髓膜炎和亚急性硬化性全脑炎。这些病例似代表一种独立的疾病,但其病程和某些特点(尤其是抗体反应)变化很大。患儿的麻疹常为中度到轻度,皮疹可能不出现(提示免疫反应被抗白血病治疗所抑制)。有2～5个月的外观健康期(当麻疹被漏诊时可能更长),随后有缓慢和突然发生的症状:昏睡,意识障碍进而昏迷,局部和全身痉挛,轻偏瘫,手足徐动症,肌阵挛和失明。有10例患者这一期持续2周至10个月,在写本文时已有7例死亡,仅1例病程长达4年未恶化。6例中有4例,在血清或及脑脊液抗麻疹病毒抗体滴度增高。其它病 It has recently been reported that measles encephalitis occurs in children when treating acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Symptoms, course of disease and histopathological manifestations of the disease are different from acute meningitis and subacute sclerosing pan-encephalitis after acute infection. These cases seem to represent an independent disease, but its course and some features (especially antibody response) vary greatly. Children with measles often moderate to mild rash may not appear (suggesting that immune response is inhibited by anti-leukemia treatment). There are 2 to 5 months of apparent health (which may be longer when the measles is missed), followed by slow and sudden symptoms: drowsiness, unconsciousness and then coma, partial and generalized spasticity, hemiparesis, athetosis, Myoclonus and blindness. Ten patients in this phase lasted two weeks to 10 months, and at the time of writing this article, seven had died and only one had a history of up to 4 years without worsening. Of the 6 cases, 4 had an increased titers of anti-measles virus in serum or cerebrospinal fluid. Other diseases