论文部分内容阅读
本文讨论的电子注分析仪,是用来研究速调管或行波管中高电流密度电子注的电流密度分布。用一对钛酸钡陶瓷压电元件驱使针孔靶振动,使之对所研究的电子注取样。这样可以在阴极射线示波器的屏幕上直接观察所研究电子注任一部分的电流密度分布,其中包括非常接近电子枪阳极孔的部分。这在我们现在的研究中是最重要的部分之一,但是,如果用一般的方法,例如Ashkin所述的方法,要观察阳极孔附近分布的完整的图象是根本不可能的。PPI(平面位置显示)和A(方位)显示在这里都是可能的。用前一种形式的显示,仅能作定性的测量,然而,为了能够一眼就观察到分布的全貌,这又是不可缺少的。另一方面,后者适宜于定量地测量沿电子注横截面的一条直线上的分布。为了迅速而精确地测量,分析仪设计并制造得,能借助一转换开关可以简单地选择这两种显示的任一个。为了确保全面良好的性能和实验的方便,在真空和机械系统以及有关电路的设计和制造上要非常小心。因此,即使有全套复杂装备,例如在典型的工作条件下,真空室使用部分的气压还能够作到10~(-6)—10~(-7)毫米汞性那样低。特别是根据观察图样的分辨能力充分地讨论了新分析仪的优点和缺点。本文也考虑了可能引起观察结果误差的一些因素。
The electron injection analyzer discussed in this paper is used to study the current density distribution of high current density electron injection in klystrons or traveling wave tubes. A pair of barium titanate ceramic piezoelectric elements are used to drive the pinhole target to vibrate so as to sample the electron injection in question. This allows direct viewing of the current density distribution on any part of the electron beam studied on the cathode ray oscilloscope's screen, including the part very close to the anode aperture of the gun. This is one of the most important parts of our current study, but it is not possible to observe the complete image of the distribution near the anode well using the usual methods such as those described by Ashkin. PPI (Plane Position Display) and A (Orientation) are all shown here. With the former form of display, only qualitative measurements can be made, however, in order to be able to see at a glance the full picture of the distribution, which is again indispensable. On the other hand, the latter is suitable for quantitatively measuring the distribution along a straight line along the cross section of the electron beam. For quick and accurate measurement, the analyzer is designed and manufactured so that any one of these two displays can easily be selected with a change-over switch. To ensure overall good performance and ease of experimentation, care must be taken in the design and manufacture of vacuum and mechanical systems and related circuits. Therefore, even with a full complement of complex equipment, for example under typical operating conditions, the atmospheric pressure at the part of the vacuum chamber can be as low as 10-6 (-6) mmHg. In particular, the advantages and disadvantages of the new analyzer are fully discussed based on the resolution of the observation pattern. This article also considers some of the factors that can cause errors in observations.