建立了带波导的自由电子激光振荡器方程组，能够描述光场衍射、孔耦合输出以及电子运动、腔镜倾斜等三维问题。采用整体数值（ＩＮＥＸ）模拟方法，研究了中国工程物理研究院（ＣＡＥＰ）远红外自由电子激光装置的三维问题与横模结构。结果表明：激光器的横模品质好，孔耦合输出方式下仍然是基模为主，在腔功率中所占份额约８７％。研究了电子束偏入射、斜入射、腔镜倾斜等不同轴（ｍｉｓａｌｉｇｎｍｅｎｔ）因素对激光器的增益、功率、输出、横模结构等的影响，并给出了最大允许值 The equations of the free-electron laser oscillator with waveguides are established, which can describe the three-dimensional problems of light field diffraction, hole coupling output, electron movement and mirror tilt. The three-dimensional problem and transverse mode structure of far-infrared free-electron laser device of CAEP (China Academy of Engineering Physics) were studied by INEX simulation. The results show that the transverse mode of the laser is of good quality, and the mode coupling is still the fundamental mode in the hole coupling output mode, accounting for about 87% of the cavity power. The effects of misalignment, such as partial incidence of electron beam, oblique incidence and mirror misalignment, on the gain, power, output and transverse mode of the laser are studied. The maximum allowable value