运动员操守条款记载于运动员聘用合同,体现于体育组织规章中,用以约束运动员可能影响雇主利益以及体育利益之行为的条款或规则。这类条款包括片面保护雇主利益,限制运动员言论自由、职业自由、流动自由,涉嫌侵犯隐私等基本人权,构成对运动员的不公平。这类条款的正当性传统上在于捍卫体育的特殊性这一公共利益,但晚近以来西方开始基于人权法对此类条款效力加以审查,并坚持比例原则。中国长期的“举国体制”导致运动员权利保护意识淡薄,在体育职业化发展进程中,应当在立法和司法层面构建运动员权利保护机制,加强对不公平操守条款的合法性审查。 Code of Ethics of Athletes The terms or rules of athlete employment contracts, embodied in sports organization rules, that govern athletes ’behaviors that may affect employers’ interests and sports interests. Such provisions include the unilateral protection of the interests of employers, restrictions on athletes freedom of expression, freedom of occupation, freedom of movement, alleged invasion of privacy and other basic human rights, constitute an injustice to athletes. Legitimacy of such clauses has traditionally been in the public interest of defending the particularity of sport, but recently the West began reviewing the validity of such clauses on the basis of human rights law and upheld the principle of proportionality. China’s long-standing “national system” has led to a weak awareness of the protection of athletes’ rights. During the development of sports professionalization, the mechanism for the protection of athlete rights should be established at both the legislative and judicial levels and the legality review of the articles on unfair conduct should be strengthened.