当今世界国与国之间的竞争,说到底是科技与经济实力的竞争,而经济实力又取决于科技发展水平。由于研究与开发(Research and Development,简称 R&D)覆盖了全部科学研究和具有实用价值的试验发展工作,因此,R&D 是整个科技活动的核心。世界各国政府都在如何进行 R&D 活动的资源合理配置问题上倾注了大量精力。 In the final analysis, the competition between countries in the world today is the competition between science and technology and economic strength, and the economic strength depends on the level of development of science and technology. As R & D covers all scientific research and experimental development of practical value, R & D is at the heart of the entire science and technology activity. Governments all over the world have devoted a lot of energy on how to properly allocate resources for R & D activities.