目的 :预防血液病患儿医院内感染的发生。方法 :用回顾性调查方法。结果 :医院内感染发生率为62 39 % ,感染部位以上呼吸道为主 ,占46 57 % ,住院时间越长 ,感染发生率越高 ,其中致病菌以革兰阴性菌为主 ,占19 26 % ,革兰阳性致病菌占15 59 % ,真菌占7 33 % ,药敏实验对第二代头孢菌素耐药性增加 ,肠球菌对青霉素类 ,部分头孢第二代产生耐药。结论 :医院内感染与住院时间患儿免疫力低下与抗生素应用密切相关。病原菌的耐药率呈增加趋势 ,故保护性隔离 ,抗生素合理应用尤为重要 Objective: To prevent the occurrence of nosocomial infections in children with hematological diseases. Methods: A retrospective survey method. Results: The incidence of nosocomial infection was 62 39%. Mostly, the respiratory tract was above the infected site, accounting for 46 57%. The longer the hospitalization period, the higher the incidence of infection. Among them, Gram-negative bacteria were the main pathogens, accounting for 19 26 %, Gram-positive pathogens accounted for 15 59%, fungi accounted for 7 33%, drug sensitivity test increased resistance to second-generation cephalosporins, enterococci penicillins, some of the second generation of cephalosporins resistance. Conclusion: Infection and hospitalization in children with low immunity and antibiotics are closely related. The resistance rate of pathogens is increasing, so the protective isolation and rational use of antibiotics is particularly important