众所周知,西方现代经典经济学有两个基本逻辑起点:其一是假定经济主体(消费者或生产者)的行为决策是追求最优(效用和利润最大化)即“理性人”假设。因此,所谓完全竞争,实际上是暗含地假定经济主体掌握了与决策有关的完全信息,经济主体在进行当前决策时所预计的未来会发生的情况,总是完全准确地符合于未来实际发生的情况,这实际上是抽象掉了 It is well-known that there are two basic logical starting points for the modern Western classical economics. One is to assume that the behavioral decision-making of economic agents (consumers or producers) is the search for optimal (utility and profit maximization) or “rational human” assumptions. Therefore, the so-called perfect competition actually implicitly supposes that the economic subject has complete information about the decision-making and that the future events expected by the economic subject during the current decision-making will always be completely and exactly in line with what actually happens in the future Situation, this is actually abstracted out