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近年来,大蕉枯萎病在广东省东莞市发生严重,为了有效控制病害发生蔓延,生产上急需明确大蕉枯萎病的病原。本研究收集了我国华南地区的12株大蕉枯萎病病原菌及19株包括1号及4号生理小种的单孢菌株,以来源于澳大利亚的1号、2号、3号和亚热带4号生理小种以及4株非病原尖孢镰孢菌作对照,通过病原菌形态鉴定、致病性测定、4号小种(Foc 4)及热带4号小种(TR4)的分子特异检测、以及基于翻译延伸因子(TEF-1α)序列的系统发育分析,对大蕉枯萎病病原菌进行鉴定。同时,对我国华南地区不同来源的香蕉枯萎病病原菌的遗传发育关系及致病性分化情况进行了研究。结果表明:(1)引起大蕉枯萎病的病原菌主要是1号生理小种或者是与1号生理小种亲缘关系较近的一个新的系统发育谱系,该谱系可能为1号生理小种变异演化而来;(2)大蕉枯萎病病原菌对大蕉和粉蕉都有较强的致病力,但不能侵染香蕉;我国的1号小种存在一定的分化,其中有一个类群只能感染粉蕉,另一个类群既能感染粉蕉也能感染大蕉;(3)大蕉与粉蕉枯萎病的病原菌在致病性及遗传发育关系上都存在一定的交叉和分化。
In recent years, plantainfusarium wilt disease in Dongguan, Guangdong Province, serious, in order to effectively control the spread of disease, production urgently need to identify the pathogen of plantainfusarium wilt. In this study, we collected 12 Fusarium wilt pathogenic fungi in southern China and 19 monospora strains including Physiological race 1 and 4, which originated from Australia’s No. 1, No. 2 and No. 3 and subtropical No. 4 Race and 4 non-pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum as control. Through pathogen identification, pathogenicity determination, molecular specific detection of Foc 4 and TR4, Phylogenetic analysis of the elongation factor (TEF-1α) sequence was used to identify the pathogen of plant wilt disease. At the same time, we studied the genetic relationship and pathogenicity of banana wilt pathogen from different sources in South China. The results showed that: (1) The pathogenic bacteria causing plant shoot wilt disease were mainly No. 1 race or a new phylogenetic line with a closer genetic relationship with No. 1 race, which may be the variation of race 1 Evolved; (2) Fusarium wilt pathogen of plantain has strong virulence on banana and powder banana, but can not infect banana; there is a certain differentiation of races in our country, of which only one group can only Infected with plantains, the other group could infect both plantains and plantains. (3) Pathogenicity and genetic developmental relationships between plantains and plantains were all cross-differentiated.