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图灵机-一种半个世纪前发明的定义算法的抽象计算机,业已被拟议中的理想的量子计算机所取代。当然量子计算机的问世尚有一些问题有待解决。对量子计算机的概念的理解因人而异。处于某一端的是计算机硬件工程师,他们认为,每一个物理现象最终都将导致某种实用器具的问世。近来IBM在Josephson结点方面的挫折使他们痛感在超导材料的闭合回路内的磁通量的量化迟早将成为记忆存储元件的要素。处于另一端的人是那些企望得到概念或特征意义解释的人士。他们一直担忧基本单位(计算机里的信息就是在此种单位内处理的)和物理变量的量子(正是这种量子表征了实际的物理体系)之间的相应性。
Turing Machine - An abstract computer invented half a century ago to define the algorithm, has been replaced by the ideal quantum computer proposed. Of course, the advent of quantum computers, there are still some problems to be solved. The understanding of the concept of quantum computers varies from person to person. At one end are computer hardware engineers, who believe that every physical phenomenon will eventually lead to the advent of some kind of utility appliance. The recent IBM setbacks at the Josephson junction made them painful to quantify magnetic fluxes in the closed circuit of superconducting materials sooner or later become an element of memory storage. People on the other end of the spectrum are those who want to get the meaning of concepts or features. They have always been concerned about the correspondence between the basic unit (where the information in the computer is handled) and the quantum of the physical variable (it is this quantum characterizing the actual physical system).