“上谕”系指皇帝的命令和指示,又称“谕旨”。清代自雍正年间设立军机处以后,“上谕”由军机大臣秉承皇帝的意旨撰拟,经皇帝审阅后封发。上谕在封发之前,均抄录一份存档,原稿则逐日检齐销毁,这份留存的底册,就是“上谕档”。凡清王朝对当时国家各项重要事务的最后决策及终极处置情况都在“上谕档”内。它是研究清代政治、经济、军事、外交、文化、民族、宗族等方面不可缺少的第一手资料。光绪宣统两朝(1875年至1911年)是中国近代发生重大事件最多、社会变化最激烈、影响最深远的时期。中国边疆危机、日本侵占琉球、左宗棠收复新疆、洋务运动的发展和衰落、新疆台湾建省、中法战争、甲午战 “Encyclical ” refers to the emperor’s orders and instructions, also known as “Encyclical ”. Since the Qing Dynasty Yongzheng set up a military office, “Encyclical ” by the military minister uphold the emperor’s intention drafted, after the emperor review sealed. Before the seal was sealed, an archival was copied and the original was checked daily for destruction. The booklet that remained was “Encyclical”. Where the Qing Dynasty at the time of the country’s major affairs of the final decision-making and the ultimate disposal are in the file. It is an indispensable first-hand source of information on the study of politics, economy, military affairs, diplomacy, culture, ethnicity and clan in the Qing Dynasty. The period of Guangxu and Tongxu (1875-1911) was the period when most important events occurred in modern China, the most intense social change and the most profound influence. Chinese border crisis, Japan’s occupation of Ryukyu, Zuo Zongtang regain the development and decline of Xinjiang, Westernization Movement, the establishment of Xinjiang, Taiwan, China-France war, Sino-Japanese war