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超稠油开发难点在于地下大幅度降低原油黏度,催化氧化改质具有应用潜力,但需要找到兼具活性与注入能力的催化剂,研究其反应机理.通过微乳液法制备并表征了纳米过渡金属催化剂,用以辅助超稠油注空气氧化改质吞吐的对比实验,结果表明氧化改质能够大幅度降低超稠油黏度,降黏率最高达99.86%,纳米金属催化下的改质温度降至240℃,改质速率与产油效果均显著优于微米级粉末催化剂,实验推测了氧化改质反应在不同温度下的四步机理,包括杂元素断链、初步氧化、深度氧化与高温脱羧.与加氢还原改质超稠油相比,纳米催化氧化改质更具有降黏效果好、成本低、易实施的特点,具有一定的工业应用潜力.
The difficulty in the development of super heavy oil lies in the fact that the viscosity of crude oil is significantly reduced in the underground and the potential for catalytic oxidative modification has to be applied, but it is necessary to find a catalyst that has both activity and ability to inject and to study the reaction mechanism. The nano-transition metal catalyst , To assist the ultra-heavy oil injection air oxidation reforming throughput comparison experiments showed that oxidation modification can greatly reduce the viscosity of super heavy oil, the viscosity reduction rate of up to 99.86%, nano-metal catalyst reforming temperature dropped to 240 ℃, the rate of reforming and oil production were significantly better than the micron-sized powder catalyst. The four-step mechanism of the oxidative modification reaction at different temperatures was presumed to be experimentally investigated, including the chain dislocation, preliminary oxidation, deep oxidation and high temperature decarboxylation. Hydrogenation reduction of super heavy oil compared to nano-catalytic oxidation modification is more effective in lowering viscosity, low cost, easy to implement features, has a certain potential for industrial applications.