结核病与人类历史一样悠久,防治工作近40年来才有较大进展。我国解放初期,城市患病率在5%左右,农村1%以上,死亡专率则在200/10万以上。当时根据这些情况,政府确定首先在人口密集的一些大城市开展重点防痨,在农村进行试点。经过10多年的努力,到60年代初期,我国城市患病率降到2%左右,死亡专率降到40/10万左右,成绩是显著的。但在10年动乱期间,结核病防治工作破坏殆尽;最近几年,防痨事业才又振兴起来。1979年卫生部组织了我国第1次分层整群不等比例随机抽样调查,动员了 Tuberculosis and human history as long, prevention and control work nearly 40 years have made great progress. In the early days of the liberation of our country, the prevalence rate of urban areas was about 5%, more than 1% in rural areas and the death rate was above 200/10 million. At that time, according to these circumstances, the government decided to focus on prevention and control in some large densely populated cities and conduct pilot projects in rural areas. After more than 10 years of hard work, by the early 1960s, the prevalence in our cities dropped to about 2% and the death rate was reduced to 40 / 100,000 or so. The result is remarkable. However, during the 10 years of turmoil, the work on tuberculosis prevention and control has been wiped out. In recent years, the cause of anti-tuberculosis has been revitalized. In 1979, the Ministry of Health organized a random sample of unequal proportions of the first stratified cluster in China, mobilizing