“80年代看广东,90年代看浦东,21世纪初看山东。”过去5年中,山东以年均13%的速度保持高速增长,增长速度快于全国水平。但与广东、浙江等省份的外向型经济为主导和民营经济的活跃明显不同,山东经济的快速增长,仍然主要依赖政府的作用,国有企业仍是经济主体,民间财富相对不足。山东是中国的缩影。在宏观调控的背景下,关注政府主导下的“山东经济增长模式”,对现实中的中国具有典型意义。山东如何改变经济结构失衡问题,变过于粗放的增长方式为集约化、怎样使得要素市场发育充分、法制环境趋于完善等等,都超过了山东一省的范围,而具有普遍意义。在已有的约束条件下,依靠政府行政手段推动经济发展、加快改革进程无可厚非,且是理性的选择。追根溯源,诸种问题的起因,仍在于行政对经济的直接干预过多。因此,在由政府主导转向市场主导的市场化过程中,怎样弱化政府对企业的干预,强化市场对资源配置的基础作用,是山东,也是中国改革处于转折阶段面临的重大课题。问题的关键是,在改革方式逐渐发生转变的条件下,政府行为该如何界定,在发展与改革的矛盾交织中,发展与改革将分别以什么样的方式进行,政府、企业和个人,又将各自面临什么样的选择? “Look at Guangdong in the 1980s and Pudong in the 1990s and Shandong at the beginning of the 21st century.” Shandong has maintained its rapid growth at an average annual rate of 13% over the past five years, at a rate faster than the national average. However, with the outward-oriented economy in Guangdong and Zhejiang provinces being dominated and the private-owned economy being significantly different, the rapid economic growth in Shandong still depends mainly on the role of the government. State-owned enterprises are still the mainstay of the economy with relatively insufficient private wealth. Shandong is a microcosm of China. In the context of macroeconomic regulation and control, paying attention to the “Shandong economic growth model” led by the government has the typical significance to the reality of China. How to change the imbalance of economic structure, how to change the extensive mode of growth for intensification, how to make the factor market fully developed and the legal environment tends to be perfect, etc., have surpassed the scope of Shandong Province and have universal significance. Under the existing constraints, it is a plausible and rational choice to rely on the means of government administration to promote economic development and speed up the reform process. Tracing the source, the causes of various problems still lie in the excessive administrative intervention in the economy. Therefore, in the course of marketization led by the government to the market orientation, how to weaken the government intervention in the enterprise and strengthen the basic role of the market in resource allocation is Shandong. It is also a major issue that China is facing at a turning point. The crux of the issue is how to define the behavior of the government under the gradual transformation of the mode of reform. In the interweaving of the contradictions between development and reform, what are the respective ways in which development and reform will be carried out? The government, enterprises and individuals will, in turn, What kind of choice each one faces?