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目的探讨PCNA和EGFR在不同性质大肠肿瘤中的表达及意义。方法采取正常大肠粘膜10例，大肠腺瘤20例，大肠癌粘膜30例。应用免疫组化染色方法（SP法），在连续切片上同步检测PCNA和EGFR的表达。结果PCNA染色阳性物质主要定位于细胞核，EGFR染色阳性物质主要定位于细胞膜。PCNA和EGFR阳性细胞在大肠腺瘤和大肠癌中的分布呈不同程度的异质性。正常大肠粘膜、大肠腺瘤和大肠癌粘膜PCNA阳性细胞数分别为2．42±1．02、10．17±4．96和20．21±6．58，各组间比较均有极显著性差异（P＜0．01）；EGFR阳性率分别为0、30％和73．33％．各组间比较也有显著性差异（P＜0．05）。PCNA和EGFR的表达与大肠癌的分化程度、分期和淋巴结转移有关，与组织学类型无关。30例大肠癌粘膜PCNA和EGFR的表达里显著性正相关（P＜0．05）；60例不同性质大肠粘膜PCNA和EGFR的表达里极显著性正相关关系（P＜0．01）。结论PCNA和EGFR都是反映细胞增殖活性的重要指标。结合病理形态学观察，同时检测PCNA和EGFR的表达，能更客观更准确地判断大肠癌的恶性程度和生物学特性。
Objective To investigate the expression and significance of PCNA and EGFR in colorectal tumors with different properties. Methods 10 cases of normal colorectal mucosa, 20 cases of colorectal adenoma, and 30 cases of colorectal cancer were used. Immunohistochemical staining (SP method) was used to simultaneously detect the expression of PCNA and EGFR on serial sections. Results The positive staining of PCNA was mainly located in the nucleus, and the positive staining of EGFR was mainly located in the cell membrane. The distribution of PCNA and EGFR positive cells in colorectal adenomas and colorectal cancers showed varying degrees of heterogeneity. The number of PCNA positive cells in normal mucosa, colorectal adenoma, and colorectal cancer mucosa was 2.42±1.02, 10.17±4.96, and 20.21±6.58, respectively. There were significant differences between the groups. Differences (P<0.01); EGFR positive rates were 0, 30%, and 73.33%, respectively. There was also a significant difference between groups (P<0.05). The expression of PCNA and EGFR was related to the degree of differentiation, stage, and lymph node metastasis of colorectal cancer, but not to the histological type. There was a significant positive correlation between the expression of PCNA and EGFR in the mucosa of 30 colorectal cancers (P<0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between the expression of PCNA and EGFR in 60 different colorectal mucosae (P<0.01). Conclusion Both PCNA and EGFR are important indicators reflecting cell proliferation activity. Combined with histopathological observation, the simultaneous detection of PCNA and EGFR expression can more objectively and accurately determine the degree of malignancy and biological characteristics of colorectal cancer.