1930年以来,由于长期使用震动工具所引起的上肢骨骼变化,文献中记载的,多数为凿石机工和铆钉工,其骨骼改变以腕关节和手最常见。使用凿石机者,其特殊改变为腕骨脱钙和空泡,以及指骨末端的骨溶解。此外,使用鹤嘴锄和风力凿石机的工人,同样的X线检查没有显示任何 Since 1930, due to long-term use of vibration tools caused by changes in upper extremities, documented in the literature mostly stonecutters and riveters, the bone changes to the most common wrist and hand. With stonecutters, the special changes were carpal decalcification and cavitation, as well as osteolysis at the end of the phalanges. In addition, workers using pickaxes and wind chisels did not show any of the same X-ray examinations