纵观人类历史,人类社会就是在不断创新中发展过来的。创新大体上可以分为两类。一是人类在自然科学上的创新,它表现为人类对自然界认识的深化,这种认识最终物化为生产工具,使生产力得到发展。二是人类在社会制度上的创新,它是以观念创新为先导,然后导致机制体制上的创新,甚至最终导致整个社会制度发生全面的、质的变化。从总的发展过程看,后一种创新是以前一种创新为基础的,也就是说,生产力的创新决定着 Throughout human history, human society has been developed in constant innovation. In general, innovation can be divided into two categories. The first is the human innovation in the natural sciences, which manifests itself as the deepening of human understanding of nature. This understanding eventually becomes the tool of production and the development of productive forces. Second, human beings are innovating in the social system. It takes the concept of innovation as the guide, and then leads to the institutional innovation of the mechanism. It eventually even leads to the overall and qualitative change of the entire social system. From the overall development process, the latter innovation is based on the previous innovation, that is, the innovation of productivity determines