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目的评价现行水痘疫苗接种程序对儿童水痘暴发疫情的保护效果及随时间推移的衰减情况。方法采用1∶1配对病例对照研究方法 ,对深圳市福田区2014年儿童暴发疫情中127例水痘病例进行调查分析,按年龄分层以是否罹患水痘选择对照,评价疫苗保护效果。结果5~8岁组的疫苗保护效果为77.78%(95%CI:55.32%~88.95%),9~12岁组未显示疫苗保护效果(χ~2=3.45,P>0.05)。水痘疫苗接种可降低病例发热同时减轻出疹症状(P均<0.05),但保护效果在接种5~9年后仅为61.73%(95%CI:30.96%~78.79%)。结论接种水痘疫苗可预防水痘和减轻症状,但保护效果有所降低,建议适时开展2针次接种。
Objective To evaluate the protective effect of the current varicella vaccination program on the outbreak of chickenpox in children and the attenuation over time. Methods A 1: 1 matched case-control study was conducted to investigate 127 cases of chickenpox in the outbreak of children in 2014 in Futian District, Shenzhen. The control group was given chickenpox according to age stratification to evaluate the vaccine’s protective effect. Results The protective effect of vaccine in 5-8 years old group was 77.78% (95.3% CI: 55.32% -88.95%). The protective effect of vaccine was not observed in 9-12 years old group (χ ~ 2 = 3.45, P> 0.05). Vaccination with chickenpox reduced fever and reduced rash (P <0.05), but the protective effect was 61.73% (95% CI: 30.96% -78.79%) after 5-9 years of inoculation. Conclusion Inoculation of chickenpox vaccine can prevent chickenpox and relieve symptoms, but the protective effect is somewhat reduced. It is suggested that vaccination with 2 doses should be conducted timely.