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本文利用甘肃省西峰市农业气象试验站非灌溉地冬小麦田间土壤水分资料、气候资料，分析了不同年型农田土壤水分的时空变化特征，从土壤水分平衡方程出发，讨论了冬小麦返青至成熟期间降水量、作物耗水量、渗漏量和土壤储水量变化各平衡分量的动态变化及其相互关系。对冬小麦产量与不同作物发育期的作物耗水量之间进行相关普查，结果表明影响小麦产量最显著的时段是拔节～孕穗期。分别运用物理统计和经验统计方法建立了冬小麦产量与作物耗水量的关系模型，认为后者模拟效果较好。
Based on the data of soil moisture and non-irrigated winter wheat field in Xifeng Agricultural Meteorological Experimental Station of Gansu Province, this paper analyzed the spatio-temporal variations of soil moisture in different years of farmland. Based on the soil moisture balance equation, The dynamic changes of the balance components and the relationship between the water consumption, the amount of water leakage, the amount of water leakage and the changes of soil water storage capacity were analyzed. The correlation survey between winter wheat yield and crop water consumption during different crop development stages showed that the most significant period affecting wheat yield was from jointing stage to booting stage. The relationship between the yield of winter wheat and the water consumption of crops was established by using the methods of physical statistics and empirical statistics respectively. The simulation results of the latter were better.