苏联解体造成了极大的社会震荡 ,经济一度到了崩溃的边缘 ,使这个昔日惟一能与美国抗衡的超级大国的国际地位一落千丈。所有这一切使俄国知识界对当年的改革重新思考 :为什么本来旨在对体制进行民主改造的改革走到了自己的反面 ,变成了对体制的彻底否定 ?在这个过程中 ,舆论工 The collapse of the Soviet Union caused tremendous social turmoil. The economy was on the brink of collapse, plummeting the international status of the former superpower that could only compete with the United States. All this made the Russian intelligentsia rethink the current reform: why did the reform that was originally intended to democratize the system came to its own opposite, turning it into a complete denial of the system? In the process, the media workers