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语言符号的任意性问题在学界引发了广泛的关注和讨论。文章回顾了我国语言学界围绕任意性的争议,指出争议的根源在于对索绪尔语言符号观的误解——以语词与外在事物的指称关系取代能指与所指之间的任意性关系。在此基础上,文章进一步探讨了外在事物被排除在语言系统之外的原因:其一,语言符号的价值是由语言系统内部各要素之间的关系决定的,不能以外在事物作为衡量的标尺;其二,语言符号是纯粹的心理实体,而外在事物属于客观存在,二者不具有同质性。
The arbitrariness of linguistic signs has aroused widespread concern and discussion in academia. The article reviews the controversy surrounding arbitrariness in Chinese linguistics. It points out that the root of the controversy lies in the misunderstanding of Saussure ’s linguistic notion - replacing the arbitrary relationship between the signifier and the signified by the alleged relationship between the word and the external object. On this basis, the article further explores why external things are excluded from the linguistic system: First, the value of linguistic signs is determined by the relationships among the various elements of the linguistic system and can not be measured by external things Scale; Second, language symbols are purely psychological entities, while external things belong to the objective existence, the two are not homogeneous.