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在内忧外患的历史背景下,晚清政府被迫实行新政,其变革的广度和深度均超过了此前的洋务运动与戊戌变法。清末新政的目的本来是为了挽救王朝垂危的命运,然而事与愿违,清王朝在新政10年后很快被辛亥革命推翻。但辛亥革命后,中国并没有走上和平发展道路,反而长期陷入军阀混战之中。据此,有人认为,如果没有辛亥革命,中国按照清政府新政改革的方向,可以更好地和平发展,从而提出“告别革命”的论点。究竟如何看待清末新政?又如何看待辛亥革命?如何认识改良与革命的关系?通过总结清末新政五个方面的深刻教训可以给出答案。
Under the historical background of internal and external problems, the government of late Qing Dynasty was forced to implement the New Deal. The breadth and depth of its transformation exceeded that of the previous Westernization Movement and the Reform Movement of 1898. The purpose of the New Deal in the late Qing Dynasty was originally to save the fate of dynastic dying. However, the Qing dynasty was quickly overthrown by the Revolution of 1911 after 10 years of the New Deal. However, after the Revolution of 1911, China did not embark on the path of peaceful development. Instead, it plunged into long periods of warlordism. Accordingly, some people think that without the Revolution of 1911, China would better peaceful development in accordance with the direction of the Qing government’s new political reform and thus put forward the proposition of “saying goodbye to the revolution.” How to treat the New Deal in the late Qing Dynasty? How to treat the Revolution of 1911? How to understand the relationship between reform and revolution? We can give an answer by summarizing the profound lessons from the five aspects of the New Deal in the late Qing Dynasty.