“苏维埃工农共和国”和“苏维埃人民共和国”是中国共产党建国思想发展史上前后相继的两个重要阶段;前者持续时间较长,相关研究也比较深入,而后者持续时间非常短暂,前后不足一年,研究成果较少,而且二者名称相似,联系密切,有时甚至会被混为一谈;本文经过深入分析,认为二者在阶级政策、土地政策以及对外政策等方面有显著区别;而从这些区别的分析中最终评判出二者对马克思主义国家学说中国化进程所起的不同性质的作用,这也是本文的最后结论。 The Soviet Union of Workers and Peasants and the Soviet People’s Republic are two important stages one after another in the history of the founding of the People’s Republic of China. The former lasted longer and the related research was more in-depth, while the latter lasted very briefly. Before and after Less than a year, less research results, and similar names, closely linked, and sometimes even confused; this paper through in-depth analysis, that the two have significant differences in class policy, land policy and foreign policy; from these In the analysis of difference, we finally judge the different roles played by the two in the process of nationalization of Marxist state theory, which is also the final conclusion of this article.