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目的:评价南京市社区高血压患者自我管理1年后在改变患者知识、行为、自我管理及血压控制等方面的效果。方法:以南京市栖霞区为研究现场,开展社区高血压患者自我管理研究,通过问卷调查收集自我管理前后管理组与对照组高血压患者对高血压相关知识知晓率以及行为和健康相关指标的变化,分析比较两组之间的差异。结果:干预前两组之间在年龄、性别、病程、遗传史等方面差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。干预后管理组在高血压诊断标准、高血压危险行为、高血压控制措施等方面知识知晓率高于对照组(P<0.05);管理组中吸烟、饮酒、精神紧张、高盐饮食的比例分别为19.9%、10.1%、55.1%、24.0%,均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);管理组中规律测血压、经常与医生交流病情、规范化合理用药的比例分别为92.2%、88.2%、78.0%,均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);血压、血糖、血脂的控制效果优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:社区高血压患者自我管理能够提高患者高血压相关知识知晓率、改变危险行为、养成良好行为,能够有效地控制血压。
Objective: To evaluate the effects of self-management of community-based hypertensive patients in Nanjing on changes of knowledge, behavior, self-management and blood pressure control after one year. Methods: Qixia District of Nanjing City as the research site to carry out community-based self-management of patients with hypertension, self-management through questionnaires collected before and after the management group and control group of hypertension-related knowledge of hypertension-related knowledge and behavioral and health-related changes in indicators , Analysis and comparison of the differences between the two groups. Results: There was no significant difference in age, sex, disease course and genetic history between the two groups before intervention (P> 0.05). After the intervention, the knowledge rate of the management group was higher than that of the control group (P <0.05) in diagnosis of hypertension, risk of hypertension, hypertension control measures, etc. The proportions of smoking, drinking, mental stress and high-salt diet Were 19.9%, 10.1%, 55.1% and 24.0%, respectively, which were lower than those in the control group (P <0.05). The management group regularly observed blood pressure and frequently exchanged medical conditions with doctors. The proportions of standardized and rational drug use were 92.2%, 88.2% and 78.0%, respectively, which were significantly higher than that of the control group (P <0.05). The control effect of blood pressure, blood glucose and blood lipid was better than that of the control group (P <0.05). Conclusion: Self-management of community-based hypertensive patients can improve awareness of hypertension-related knowledge, change dangerous behavior, develop good behavior, and can effectively control blood pressure.