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为分析等渗盐分和水分胁迫对番茄叶片光合功能的影响,选用耐盐性不同的4种基因型番茄(小果型的辽园红玛瑙、野生醋栗番茄、大果型的金田粉冠、超402)进行等渗的140mmol·L~(-1)NaCl和15%PEG6000模拟盐分和水分胁迫.结果表明:在光合特性方面,处理12 d后,两种胁迫导致4种不同基因型番茄的叶绿素含量(叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素总量)、光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO_2浓度、蒸腾效率降低,气孔限制值升高.两种胁迫导致的光合下降由气孔性因素所致.等渗的盐分胁迫对番茄的光合系统损伤大于水分胁迫,这是因为盐分胁迫除了渗透胁迫还会导致离子伤害.4种不同基因型番茄中,耐盐型的辽园红玛瑙具有高光合特性,金田粉冠光合效率最差.在叶绿体超微结构方面,两种胁迫会造成番茄叶片的气孔密度增加,气孔张开率降低,叶绿体长度增加,宽度变小,长宽比增大,叶绿体内基粒数减少,嗜锇颗粒数增多.盐分胁迫下两种番茄叶绿体结构的影响大于水分胁迫,耐盐种醋栗番茄气孔变化小于盐敏感品种金田粉冠.
In order to analyze the effects of isotonic salt and water stress on the photosynthetic function of tomato leaves, four tomato cultivars with different salt tolerance (Liao Yuan Hong Agate, wild gooseberry tomato, Ultra-402) under simulated salt stress and water stress of 140 mmol·L -1 NaCl and 15% PEG 6000, respectively.The results showed that under photosynthetic characteristics, after 12 d of treatment, the two stresses led to the growth of four tomato cultivars with different genotypes The chlorophyll content (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll), photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO 2 concentration, transpiration efficiency and stomatal limitation increased.The photosynthetic decline caused by the two stresses was caused by stomatal factors. Isotonic salt stress is more harmful to photosynthetic system in tomato than in water stress because salt stress can lead to ion damage in addition to osmotic stress.One of the four genotypes of tomato, salt tolerant Liao Yuan Heangao has high photosynthetic characteristics, The photosynthetic efficiency of Jintian powdery canopy was the worst.In the chloroplast ultrastructure, the two kinds of stresses caused the stomatal density of tomato leaves increased, stomatal opening rate decreased, chloroplast length increased, width decreased, aspect ratio increased, chloroplast Grains decrease, increased number of particles osmiophilic. Salt stress effects of two tomato chloroplast structure is greater than water stress, salt-tolerant species pimpinellifolium Stoma powder is smaller than the susceptible variety Kaneda crown.