支气管肺发育不良(bronchopulmonary dysplasia，BPD)是一种慢性肺部疾病，通常发生于需要机械通气的早产儿，病死率高，目前缺乏有效的防治方法。经典型BPD的主要病理特征为严重的气道损伤、肺实质炎症、鳞状上皮化生及肺纤维化，虽然其发病机制尚未完全明确，但在早产儿纤维化肺中可观察到大量肥大细胞聚集，研究认为高氧刺激下肥大细胞脱颗粒释放的一系列炎症介质对BPD有重要影响。该文旨在综述肥大细胞在BPD中的促纤维化作用及机制，以期为BPD的治疗提供新的思路。“,”Bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD)is a chronic lung disease that usually occurs in premature infants who require mechanical ventilation, with a high mortality rate, and there is currently a lack of effective prevention and treatment methods.The pathological features of typical BPD are mainly severe airway injury, lung parenchymal inflammation, squamous epithelial metaplasia, and pulmonary fibrosis.Although the pathogenesis of BPD is not yet clear, a large number of mast cell aggregation can be observed in the fibrotic lung of premature infants.Studies have suggested that a series of inflammatory mediators released by mast cell degranulation under hyperoxia have an important impact on BPD.This article reviews the role and mechanism of mast cells in promoting fibrosis in BPD, and in order to provide new ideas for the treatment of BPD.