儿童并不是“小的成人”,而是很不成熟的个体。儿童的身体和器官功能正处于继续发育的时期,尤为特殊的是新生儿必须经历一系列迅速和连续的解剖学及生理学的变化,来很快地适应新的环境。因此,大多数药物的临床药物动力学和毒性在儿科各年龄组中有相当大的差异,而与成人则更有显著的区别。一、药物的吸收药物吸收入全身循环的速度取决于给药途径和药物的理化学特性——分子量、PKa(电 Children are not “little adults,” but rather immature individuals. Children’s physical and organ functions are in a period of continued development. In particular, newborns must undergo a series of rapid and continuous changes in anatomy and physiology to quickly adapt to the new environment. Therefore, the clinical pharmacokinetics and toxicity of most drugs vary considerably among all pediatric age groups, and more significantly from adults. First, the drug absorption Drug absorption into the systemic circulation rate depends on the route of administration and the physicochemical properties of the drug - molecular weight, PKa (electricity