本文叙述三个问题:1.病因与发病机制问题;2.治疗问题;3.预后问题。这些只就1960-1961年(少数选用了1959年以前)的材料写成的。所介绍的不一定是每一个问题的全面情况。只是说明二年来国外的情况,取材来自英文文献较多,苏联及社会主义兄弟国家的文献较少,不能不是缺点。所述尽量吸取具有代表性者,为了更好的了解国外情况,有一些问题不一定成熟的也取用了,只能当作参考。 This article describes three issues: 1. Etiology and pathogenesis issues; 2. Treatment problems; 3. Prognosis. These were written only for the material that was used between 1960 and 1961 (the few selected before 1959). What is introduced is not necessarily the full picture of every issue. It only shows the situation abroad in the past two years. The materials are mainly drawn from the English literature. The literature of the Soviet Union and the fraternal countries of the socialist countries is small and indispensable. As far as possible to learn from the representative, in order to better understand the foreign situation, some problems are not necessarily mature also taken, and can only be used as a reference.