Phenomenon which magnetic needle of natural magnet turned in a direction of north-south was discovered in ancient time China.Since it,the magnetic compass would be widely used as a simple azimuth indicator.In Japan,it tries to examine how the magnetic compass has transmitted,and how to evolve.First.history of evolution of magnetic compasses in China and Europe is described.Next, initial magnetic compass of Japan which received the effect of Europe and China is described. Phenomenon which magnetic needle of natural magnet turned in a direction of north-south was discovered in ancient time China.Since it, the magnetic compass would be widely used as a simple azimuth indicator. In Japan, it tries to examine how the magnetic compass has transmitted, and how to evolve. First.history of evolution of magnetic compasses in China and Europe is described. Next, initial magnetic compass of Japan which received the effect of Europe and China is described.