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目的探讨小儿胸部冠状位CT扫描的方法及临床应用价值。方法对16例经临床证实患气道疾患及肺部病变的患儿行冠状位扫描,年龄3个月~5岁。采用美国PICKER-ULTRAZ型螺旋CT机,机架孔径70 cm,最大倾斜角度30°。扫描条件:120 kV,200 mA,0.9 s,螺距1.5,层厚2 mm,重建间隔1.5 mm。结果16例患儿全部获得清晰的胸部冠状位图像,气管、气管分叉、左右主支气管、中间段支气管、叶支气管及其部分分支全貌显示。其中12例显示支气管腔内异物(均经支气管镜证实),1例显示支气管腔内肿瘤(手术证实为腺瘤),1例显示肺发育异常(病理为肺囊腺瘤样畸形)。8例显示伴有肺部炎症,5例显示伴有肺不张,10例显示伴有局部肺气肿。结论小儿胸部冠状位CT扫描图像,能清晰显示气管、支气管结构的全貌,对小儿支气管异物,气管、支气管腔内肿瘤,以及气管、支气管的肺发育异常等的诊断具有一定的价值。
Objective To explore the method and clinical value of chest CT scan in children. Methods 16 cases of clinically confirmed airway disease and lung lesions in children with coronal scanning, aged 3 months to 5 years. US PICKER-ULTRAZ-type spiral CT machine, rack aperture 70 cm, the maximum tilt angle of 30 °. Scanning conditions: 120 kV, 200 mA, 0.9 s, pitch 1.5, layer thickness 2 mm, reconstruction interval 1.5 mm. Results All of the 16 patients showed clear chest images, trachea, tracheal bifurcation, left main bronchus, middle bronchus, bronchioles and their partial branches. Of these, 12 showed bronchial foreign bodies (confirmed by bronchoscopy), 1 showed endobronchial tumors (surgery proved to be adenomas), and 1 showed lung dysplasia (pathologic cystadenomatoid deformities). 8 cases showed pulmonary inflammation, 5 cases showed atelectasis, and 10 cases showed local emphysema. Conclusion The chest CT scan images of the chest can clearly show the trachea and bronchial structures. It is of value for the diagnosis of bronchial foreign body, trachea, endobronchial tumors, as well as trachea and bronchial lung dysplasia.