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目的调查分析某辖区儿童健康状况相关指标与超重、肥胖的关系。方法采用分层整群随机抽样法,在该院附近辖区内随机选取3个社区为调查现场,以10~14岁儿童为研究对象,共回收有效调查问卷1 430份。检测内容包括儿童身高、体重、血压,随机抽取其中150名儿童采集外周静脉血,检测相关生化指标。结果调查的1 430名儿童中体重正常率为86.02%,超重率为10.35%,肥胖率为3.63%;其中男生超重、肥胖检出率均高于女生,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。超重和肥胖儿童的收缩压均高于体重正常儿童,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05);超重与肥胖儿童收缩压之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。超重儿童舒张压高于正常儿童,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);肥胖与正常、超重儿童的舒张压之间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。正常体重儿童与超重肥胖儿童血压偏高检出率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。不同体重儿童甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、载脂蛋白B(apo B)、胰岛素(RI)、空腹C肽、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)之间差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。其中肥胖儿童TG、apo B、RI、空腹C肽、HOMA-IR均高于正常体重儿童,肥胖儿童TG、空腹C肽、HOMA-IR均高于超重儿童,超重儿童空腹C肽高于正常儿童,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。超重引发胰岛素抵抗的OR值为1.14(95%CI:0.47~3.19),肥胖引发胰岛素抵抗的OR值为5.88(95%CI:1.52~24.73),肥胖较超重更易引发胰岛素抵抗。结论某辖区10~14岁儿童肥胖率与国内平均水平基本一致,超重率稍高;肥胖是引发儿童期血压偏高并影响糖脂代谢的主要危险因素之一。
Objective To investigate and analyze the relationship between health indicators and overweight and obesity in a certain area. Methods Stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 3 communities randomly from the area near the hospital for the investigation site and 10 430 children aged from 10 to 14 were investigated. Detection of children, including height, weight, blood pressure, 150 children were randomly selected peripheral venous blood collection, detection of relevant biochemical indicators. Results Among the 1 430 children surveyed, the weight normal rate was 86.02%, the overweight rate was 10.35% and the obesity rate was 3.63%. The prevalence of overweight and obesity in boys was higher than that of girls (all P <0.05 ). Systolic blood pressure was higher in overweight and obese children than in normal weight children (all P <0.05). There was no significant difference in systolic blood pressure among overweight and obese children (P> 0.05). Diastolic blood pressure in overweight children was significantly higher than that in normal children (P <0.05). There was no significant difference in diastolic blood pressure between obese and overweight children (P> 0.05). There was no significant difference in the detection rate of high blood pressure between normal weight children and overweight children (P> 0.05). The differences of triglyceride (TG), HDL-C, apo B, RI, fasting C-peptide and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) All were statistically significant (P <0.05). TG, apo B, RI, fasting C-peptide and HOMA-IR in obese children were higher than those in normal weight children, TG, fasting C-peptide and HOMA-IR in obese children were higher than those in overweight children, and those in overweight children were higher than those in normal children , The differences were statistically significant (all P <0.05). The OR of overweight induced insulin resistance was 1.14 (95% CI: 0.47 to 3.19). The OR of obesity-induced insulin resistance was 5.88 (95% CI: 1.52-24.73). Obesity was more likely to trigger insulin resistance than overweight. Conclusion Obesity rate of 10-14-year-old children in a certain area is basically the same as that of the domestic average, with a slightly higher rate of overweight. Obesity is one of the major risk factors that triggers high blood pressure in childhood and affects glucose and lipid metabolism.