弥散性肺部病变往往伴有相同的临床症状、相似X线图像和无特征的肺功能改变,但可由完全不同的疾病所致,其中包括间质性肺部疾病、恶性病变或非典型性肺炎等。不采取侵袭性诊断措施,往往不可能作出正确的诊断,也不可能在这些疾病类型采取不同的治疗措施。如果痰液检查不能达到诊断目的,必须从呼吸道深处获取细胞材料,作细胞学或组织学检查,为此常采用下列三种方法:1.开放性肺活检;2.经支气管活检;3.支气管肺泡灌洗液(BAL)检查。 Disseminated lung lesions are often accompanied by the same clinical symptoms, similar radiographic images, and unspecified changes in lung function but may be caused by entirely different diseases, including interstitial lung disease, malignant or atypical pneumonia Wait. Without invasive diagnostic measures, it is often not possible to make the right diagnosis and it is not possible to take different treatment options for these types of diseases. If sputum tests do not serve diagnostic purposes, cellular material must be obtained from the depths of the respiratory tract for cytological or histological examination. The following three methods are often used for this purpose: 1. Open lung biopsy; 2. Transbronchial biopsy; Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) examination.